Throughout the more than two‑century history of the United States, the office of the presidency has weathered triumphs and crises, successes and failures.
Some leaders are remembered for bold, effective leadership; others are defined — fairly or not — by controversy, perceived missteps, or the long‑term consequences of their decisions.
Historians, political scientists, and public opinion often assess presidents based on their responses to national crises, policy impact, moral leadership, and the lasting effects of their terms.